Every Resolve NBA advanced metric, with what it measures and how to read it. Each metric had to pass a face-validity gate before shipping — if a metric ranked someone obviously wrong, it got cut. Grouped by side (offense / defense / two-way / team).
Offense
Pass Diversity(PSI)
Equal Opportunity vs. Plays Favorites.
What it measures: Whether a player spreads their assists across many teammates, or sends most of them to one or two top scorers. A structural-role indicator, not a value judgment.
How to read it: Positive PSI = "spreads the wealth" (Pritchard, KD, Klay). Negative PSI = "feeds the system" — Draymond Green is the most extreme funneler in the NBA (32.6% of his assists go to Curry); Christian Braun sends 42% of his to Jokić.
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Shot Diversity(STD)
Versatile Scorer / Gets to His Spots.
What it measures: How spread out a player's shot diet is across the seven shot zones on the court. A single number for "do they shoot from everywhere or one spot?"
How to read it: High = shoots from everywhere (Mikal Bridges, Embiid the only Center cracking the top 25). Low = specialist; the bottom is dominated by rim-only Centers (Gobert, Hayes).
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Shot Diversity by Position(STD-pos)
Most versatile shooter for your archetype.
What it measures: Same as STD, but ranks players against others at their position. "Is Embiid versatile for a Center" instead of "is Embiid versatile vs. all NBA players."
How to read it: Most versatile per position: Ryan Rollins (PG), Josh Green (SG), Mikal Bridges (SF), Jaden McDaniels (PF), Wendell Carter Jr. (C). Most specialized: James Harden (PG), Sam Merrill (SG), Ausar Thompson (SF), Zion (PF), Rudy Gobert (C).
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Shot Mechanic Diversity(ADI v2)
Does this player have one move, or every move?
What it measures: How varied a player's shot mechanic palette is across six categories — rim, jumper, pullup, floater, post-up, hook. Where Shot Diversity asks where on the court a player shoots from, this asks how they finish: drive and dunk, pullup off the bounce, post up, hook over a shoulder. One signature move vs. the full encyclopedia.
How to read it: Nikola Jokić is #1 — the most varied offensive vocabulary in the league. Vučević, Jaren Jackson Jr., Cunningham, Bam, Brunson all top 10. Bottom: pure rim runners (Trayce Jackson-Davis is 93% rim) or pure shooters (Sam Merrill is 66% jumpers).
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And-1 Rate (AND1)(AND1)
Finishing through contact.
What it measures: What percent of a player's makes also draw a foul on the same play. Isolates a specific skill: finishing through contact instead of getting deflected.
How to read it: Top: KAT and Edwards convert nearly 1 of every 5 makes into and-1s. Luka, Giannis, DeRozan, Paul George, Zion all in the 22–23% range. Bottom: pure jump-shooters who don't initiate contact (Sam Merrill, Beal, Strus).
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Drive Foul Conversion (DFC)(DFC)
The aggressive-driver test.
What it measures: Of all the times a player drives to the basket, how often do they draw a shooting foul. Isolates aggression: who attacks the rim hard enough that defenders have to foul.
How to read it: Cam Thomas at 20.8% is the highest rate in the NBA. KD, Luka, Banchero, Giannis, Edwards all 17–20%.
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Foul-Draw Quality (FDQ)(FDQ v2)
Drawing fouls when it matters.
What it measures: Not all and-1s are equal — a clutch and-1 means more than a 30-point-blowout and-1. FDQ surfaces who reliably draws fouls in the moments that count.
How to read it: Jalen Brunson is #1. Of any high-volume scorer in the NBA, Brunson gets fouled on clutch makes the most often. Trae Young, Cam Johnson, Brandon Miller, Edwards, DeRozan, Bam Adebayo all top of the leaderboard.
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Clutch Scoring Efficiency(TPS v2)
Who Delivers in the Clutch.
What it measures: Scoring efficiency when the game is within 5 points in either direction, with 5 minutes or less remaining (NBA-standard clutch window — last 5 of Q4 or any OT). Compared to the player's own season-long efficiency, so the signal is the lift or fade in clutch — not just who's a good scorer.
How to read it: Top clutch scorers are high-efficiency finishers who keep getting clean looks late: Giannis, AD, Sabonis, SGA, LeBron, Butler, big-rim guys (Poeltl, Duren, Zubac, Allen). The bottom is the fade list — stars whose efficiency drops when the clutch lights come on: Steph Curry, Klay, Harden, Beasley, Pritchard, Hield, Coby White, Paul George. Star shooters who live on volume threes see the biggest drop because clutch defense crowds the perimeter.
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Drive Value(DEAE)
Who Helps Their Team Score the Most on Drives.
What it measures: Points + assist-passes generated per drive to the basket. Catches the highest-value-per-drive players — setup passers rise because their pass-out chains are counted alongside their finishes.
How to read it: Top is pass-first guards: Pritchard, Kennard, VanVleet, Haliburton, Lowry, McConnell, Chris Paul. The metric is a setup-value lens — pure scorers (SGA, Luka, Booker) sit mid-tier because their per-drive assist ratio is lower. Jimmy Butler #20 (4,913 drives, +0.524 ppd) is the elite all-around.
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Defense
Rim Protection Value (RPV)(ERPV)
The Gobert / Wembanyama / Brook Lopez index.
What it measures: How much a defender takes the rim away — opponent makes at the basket fall when they're on the floor.
How to read it: Higher = bigger rim deterrent. Wembanyama #1 by a wide margin. Brook Lopez, Walker Kessler, Gafford, Gobert, Bam, AD all elite tier. The most face-valid metric in the defensive suite.
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Defensive Event Creation(TADR)
Who creates the steals, blocks, and deflections themselves?
What it measures: Defensive events a player generates that wouldn't happen without them — independent of which teammates they're playing alongside.
How to read it: Top = creates events the team would otherwise miss. Wembanyama, Matisse Thybulle, Alex Caruso, Toumani Camara lead. These are players whose defensive event totals are theirs, not their lineup's.
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Playoff Defensive Increase(RDEI)
Who turns it on in the playoffs?
What it measures: How much a player's defensive engagement rises from the regular season into the playoffs. Catches "has another gear" vs. "already at max year-round."
How to read it: High DHA = leaves defense on the table in the regular season, picks it up when it matters. Low DHA = already max effort year-round. Neither is "better" — they're different defensive personalities.
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Defensive Engagement Stability (DES)(CRDS v2)
Predictable vs. boom-or-bust defenders.
What it measures: How consistent a player's defensive activity (steals, blocks, deflections, contested shots, loose balls, boxouts, charges — all per-36) stays across each season-and-stage chunk of his career. A player who posts similar defensive numbers season after season, regular season into playoffs, regardless of team, scores high. One who spikes some years and disappears others scores low.
How to read it: High = same defender every season, year after year — Draymond Green, Bam Adebayo, AD, Marcus Smart. Low = volatile defender whose activity profile swings season to season, harder to project from one year to the next. This is forecastability of the activity profile, not a grade on quality — an elite defender with two great years and one off year scores lower than a steady role-defender with five identical years.
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Pair Event-Share Coupling (PESC)(LMDC v2)
Which defensive duos split work vs. activate together?
What it measures: Whether two teammates' defensive contributions rise together or trade off across the season.
How to read it: Negative = shift-defenders, they trade off the load (Butler/Bam is this archetype). Positive = both activate together. Most famous defensive pairs land negative — when one is racking up events, the other dials back. It's structure, not a flaw.
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Defensive Footprint Stability (DFS)(CSPS)
The coach version of DES.
What it measures: How steady a head coach's defensive identity stays from year to year. A fingerprint of "how much does this coach's defense vary over time."
How to read it: Spoelstra ranks last, Carlisle 27, Budenholzer 25, Thibs 23 — not because their schemes are inconsistent, but because long tenures span multiple roster eras with different defensive personalities. Read it as a footprint stability, not as a grade on scheme quality.
per-coach (head coach)in development
Resolved Defensive Rating(ERDR)
The three-axis defensive grade.
What it measures: The official Resolve defensive rating — a 3-axis vector, not a single number. Three axes: RPV (rim deterrence), DEC (Defensive Event Creation), PDI (Playoff Defensive Increase). PDI is down-weighted to half in the composite because it's playoff-only data — small sample, lower confidence — so it shouldn't sit equal with the full-season axes. Read player-by-player on the axes, not the composite.
How to read it: A player can be elite on one axis and average on another. Wembanyama is elite on RPV and DEC. Brook Lopez elite on RPV, average on DEC. Matisse Thybulle elite on DEC, middling on RPV. Read the vector, not the composite — the composite is a tiebreaker, not the grade. RDR (next card) adjusts for offensive usage so heavy-load stars aren't unfairly graded.
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3-Point Defense Above Expected (3DAE)(3DAE)
Shots prevented at the 3-point line, multi-season only.
What it measures: How many fewer 3-point attempts the shooter being guarded takes — per game — when this defender is on him, vs. what a league-average defender would have allowed at that matchup. So 'expected' = the league baseline, and the metric is per-matchup (defender × opponent shooter), not team-level. Multi-season filter applied so single-season flukes don't crown the leaderboard.
How to read it: Herb Jones #3 with the filter on (1,060 attempts, 3 seasons, +0.291 shots prevented/g), Matisse Thybulle #6 (896 attempts), Maxi Kleber #8 (1,105), Justin Holiday #14 — the face-valid elite-3PT-defender list. Pair with RPV for rim + perimeter coverage.
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Defensive Hustle Rating (DHR)(DSDI)
Distance + speed covered on D — the "do they actually run" stat.
What it measures: How much ground a player covers and how fast he moves on the defensive end, per minute. This metric earns its keep at the bottom of the leaderboard, not the top — the headline isn't who runs the most (mostly bench wings on motor), it's which stars consistently coast. A high-usage star landing in the bottom 20% is the real flag here.
How to read it: Bottom 20 is the canonical low-effort list: Harden last (-3.86), then Chris Paul, Luka, LeBron, Eric Gordon, Carmelo, KD, Tatum, Lou Williams, Embiid, Mitchell, Jokić, Dame, DeRozan, Kevin Love, Julius Randle, AD. Top is bench-wing motor (Wells, Risacher, Camara, Pippen Jr.) — read as effort, not value. A star landing in the 12th percentile here is a real flag.
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Usage Adjusted RDR(Defensive-Prior × Off-Load)
Defense earned, not bought by being low-usage on offense.
What it measures: Resolved Defensive Rating, but adjusted for how much offense a player carries. A high-usage star (carrying 30%+ of his team's possessions on offense) has less energy left for defense and is often assigned to shooters rather than lockdown matchups — so his raw defensive numbers will look lighter than his actual defensive talent. This card gives those heavy-load stars credit for the defensive work they'd plausibly produce if they weren't also leading the offense. Low-usage role players don't move much (their RDR already reflects their full defensive output). High-usage stars who jump sharply were getting penalized by their own offensive load.
How to read it: Watch for big rank jumps after adjustment: Kawhi rises +93 ranks, Giannis +105, LeBron +70, KD +48. These are stars whose defensive work was being masked by everything they create on offense. Low-usage defensive specialists like Alex Caruso, Toumani Camara, Matisse Thybulle barely move — their RDR already showed their full defensive ceiling because they aren't carrying an offensive load.
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